Hypercalcemia is associated with which condition?

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Hypercalcemia most commonly results from excess parathyroid hormone activity. A parathyroid adenoma autonomously secretes PTH, causing primary hyperparathyroidism. The elevated PTH raises serum calcium by increasing bone resorption, enhancing renal calcium reabsorption, and promoting activation of vitamin D to boost intestinal calcium absorption. Among the options, this is the one that directly causes the rising calcium level. The other glands listed don’t typically produce a sustained increase in calcium: pituitary or adrenal tumors affect other hormonal systems, and thyroid-derived calcitonin tends to lower calcium rather than raise it, so thyroid issues are not a typical cause of hypercalcemia.