What structure is responsible for the formation and regulation of CSF?

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Choroid plexus is responsible for CSF formation and regulation. It lines the ventricles with a layer of ependymal cells wrapped around a rich network of capillaries. These cells actively transport ions from the blood into the ventricular fluid, and water follows by osmosis, producing CSF. This active secretion, along with tight junctions that create the blood–CSF barrier, helps control the composition of CSF and its production rate. CSF then circulates through the ventricular system and into the subarachnoid space, where it is ultimately absorbed back into the venous system via arachnoid granulations. The other structures listed are not involved in CSF production; they serve different brain functions—relay and processing for the thalamus, autonomic and endocrine regulation for the hypothalamus, and hormone signaling for the pineal gland.